I never let my disk fall and even though it was an external disk almost never traveled with it. So, why did it die? Who knows, that’s not the case here, what’s important here is the fact that without notice I “lost” all of the information I had there and if it wasn’t for the “all in the cloud” configuration I’ll explain you in a bit, I would’ve burst into tears right in that moment, seriously.

We are in the so called Information Age simply because information has become our most valuable asset. The information can be in the format of data, knowledge or whatever, but the more valuable the information becomes to us, the more we want to preserve it and the more we worry about its safety.

The Internet, its possibilities and the advancements in technology we have nowadays are empowering users with an infrastructure that when we learn how to use it, we can boost our productivity and the safety of our information enormously.

I don’t know how I would feel if I lose the years and years of valuable information I have. Have you thought what happens if you lose everything? Your excel spreadsheets? Your pictures? Your videos?

Because of this I started building a data infrastructure in the so called cloud, and after the death of my hard drive and the better accessibility and productivity I’ve got to my information, I decided to explain here how I did it.

What is the cloud?

Whenever we refer to the cloud we refer to “a place” in the Internet where our information is remotely stored, accessed and edited. For example, if you upload a picture to an online photo service like Flickr, you can say that your photo is in the cloud, why?

• Because you can access it from anywhere you have Internet access
• Because you have no idea where (physically) it is, and you don’t care
• Because you can share its location with anyone in the world, so they can access to it as well

Would you like all of you information to have these properties?

You can get cloud services that offer these characteristics to any kind of files and needs. Are you a photographer? There are cloud services focused on photos. Are you a Videographer? There are cloud services specialized on Videos… So on and so on.

For a typical computer-internet user a complete cloud scenario would be ideal. Most people normally have photos, videos, files, documents… So the easier we can have all of this saved and accessible the better.

So, how do I have my information in the cloud today?

Let me explain which cloud-Internet services I use for my daily digital needs. There are others that serve the same purpose so do your research if these don’t fit you.

Email: Probably this is the only cloud service you’re already using. Hotmail, Yahoo and Gmail are the most commons. Gmail is the best online email service out there, and I personally recommend it because by getting a Gmail account you’ll be getting a Google Account, which will be later used for other cloud services offered by Google as well.

Documents: Google Docs is the best free, online office suite out there. By creating your Google Account you can access your Google Docs account. You’ll have a word processor, spreadsheets, presentations (Power Point) and much more.

The best thing about this service is that you can create and edit your files from anywhere, share them, and collaborate. It’s amazing.

Files: There are a lot services that let you save your files online. My favorite is Dropbox. You can configure it to your mobiles devices, your computer and even access your files via their web interface. The best thing about it is that you configure one folder on your computer to be synced with Dropbox. What I do is I put all of my files in this folder and they are synced online automagically and I won’t even notice. It’s very nice when I’m traveling and I need to access one specific file that I know is on my computer. I just go to my Dropbox account and access my folder.

Contacts: You normally have your contacts on your cellphone and email. With cloud services like Gmail you will have automatic synchronization of all of your contacts.

Calendars: When I see people carrying small notebook-like agendas I wonder if they’ve ever lost it. A couple of years back I lost my agenda along with the contacts I had in the last pages. It was chaos. With your Google Account you can use the excellent and popular Google Calendar. It’s totally online and it syncs with your computer calendar client and your mobile devices. You lost your computer, you lost your phone, or you are using your friend’s computer? No problem, access Google Calendar online and that’s it.

Photos: There are a lot of online photo services. The best for me is Google Picasa Web Albums, it’s free, you can increase the space to 20GB for just $5 a year and it’s also synced with your Google account.  Here you will be able to host all of your photos with lots of features.

Google also offers two software to edit and sync your photos:

1. Picasa: A complete photo management and editing suite. It’s an application that you download and install on your computer. Works on Windows, Linux and Mac.
2. Picnic: It’s an amazing online photo editing software. You can say it is a cloud-based software.

Music: Why would you like to have GBs and GBs of music on your hard drive? You can use Spotify, Pandora, iTunes or Google Music. I personally use Spotify as my music library. Whatever I feel like hearing I just go there and search for it. If I want to listen to a personalized radio I’ll use Pandora. Or if you want just to upload all of your music and listen to it from anywhere just upload it to Google Music.

Videos: You can upload your videos to YouTube or Vimeo. They are both great and you can: 1. Upload videos in HD format, 2. Set them private or public. 3. You can share them easily. 4. You can see them anywhere.

So, as you can see I can just set my computer on fire right now and I will have:

• All of my files on Dropbox
• All my pictures on Picasa
• All of the music I want on Spotify and Pandora
• All of my documents on Google Docs
• All of my events on Google Calendar
• All of my contacts on Google Contacts
• All of my mails con Gmail

I know what you are saying:

• “What if those services fail?”
• “What if they shut it down?”
• “They own my files and information!”

Here is my theory on this matter:

In life there is only one thing for sure, and that is death. The only thing I know for sure is that I will die someday. The rest in life is a game of probabilities.

So, what are the chances that those big cloud services fail? They have millions and millions of users worldwide, hundreds of engineers and millions of dollars invested on optimization and security.

Is it possible that these services fail and we lose all of our information? Yes, it is possible. Is it unlikely? VERY.

Ask yourself one last question: What is more likely to fail, your $300 external hard disk or these services?

It’s very clear that all of your information is more secure, more accessible and more useful in the cloud than anywhere else, and if you want to feel even safer you can have a backup of your information on a hard disk. You can do this backup every 6 months or so and that’s it.

If you spend one weekend configuring and learning how to use the cloud scenario I’ve described here you won’t have to worry about backups any more, you will have more accessibility and you will be more productive. This is the way I do it.

Hope you enjoyed this post and let me know what you think on your comments.

Thanks.

For me it is more important to be financially organized than financially abundant and let me explain my point of view with a practical example:

John and Jose are two normal guys. They are married (not to eachother!), they both have a job, they both have one decent car, their wives don’t work, and they are neighbors in a very decent apartment’s community.

Now, both wives decided to get a job and after a couple of months going to interviews they found a very nice job and they even had the luck of being close to their husbands’ job.

John was making $3,000/month. His wife was about to start a job of $2,000/month, so they will be producing $ 5,000/month.

On the other hand we have Jose, he is making also $3,000/month and his wife was about to start a job of $1,500/month, so they will be making $4,500/month.

So you get the scenario, let’s say 5 months have passed, who would you think would be financially better? John or Jose? John? Why? Because he’s making $500 more every month? Mmm, well my answer to this question would be: “it depends”. Depends on what? On how much John is keeping.

See, to be financially good is not totally defined (although influenced) by how much you make, but how much you’re able to keep. That’s the trick. People think that if you make more you should have a more expensive car, or a bigger house, or a more expensive TV cable plan. Nothing could be farther from the truth.

Let me just describe you how are John and Jose after 5 months, so you can visualize my point here:

Jose was very happy with his car, and since his wife was working close to his job they managed to coordinate their schedule so in the morning he would take her and in the afternoon he’ll pick her up. They were even enjoying the warm conversations while driving together everyday.

On the other hand, John got a new car for his wife. With an easy down of $2,000 he started paying $600 a month. That doesn’t include gas, depreciation and risks not covered by insurance (deductibles for example)

John also signed up for a better TV cable plan and increased his monthly payment from $50 to $125.

Finally John moved to a bigger apartment with an extra bedroom and a bigger kitchen with new appliances, which represented a $225/month increase on his rent.

As you can see, Jose’s life is still the same, he didn’t really need a new car for his wife, they just shared it. He didn’t need a bigger apartment, and he was just fine with his cable plan. Actually, if you analyze what percentage of the day John and Jose spend on their “big apartments” in front of their “cable TV” is not even worth the price (this will be for another post though).

In summary, John and Jose were making the same ($3,000/month), John increase his earnings to $5,000 and Jose to $4,500. If we assume that they were spending the total of their $3,000 before, we can do the following calculus:

John: $3,000 (previous earnings) – $3,000 (previous expenses) + 2,000 (new earnings) – $600 (new car) – $75 (new cable) – $225 (new house) = $1,100

Jose:  $3,000 (previous earnings) – $3,000 (previous expenses) + $1,500 (new earnings) = $1,500

After 5 months, Jose has $7,500 on his bank account, and John has $5,500. Jose has $2,000 more, same quality of life with more possibilities. After one year? $4,000 After 2 years? $8,000 !

So I ask you again, who is better financially speaking? I hope you can now agree with me that without any doubt Jose is better.

They have pretty much the same quality of life. An extra car, an extra bedroom… doesn’t make you live longer or with more dignity. It doesn’t actually improve your quality of life. And after a couple of months driving your BMW it starts to feel just the same as your Camry of the same year. You just got used to it.

I know what you are saying now. You may be thinking I’m stingy or penny-pinching and I’m ok with that. But I prefer to look at it in a different way.

Do you really need all of what you buy? Think about it! If we define what is decent and necessary in our lives and we stick to it, we can improve our financial health without hurting our lifestyle. We can plan better our future and we can invest in experiences, assets and helping others instead of having more material goods that doesn’t do more than complicating our existence.

So next time you think you are better off by making more think again, you are better off by keeping more while having all your necessities covered in a dignified way.

Do you agree with me, or you don’t? Express yourself on your comment.

Thanks.

It doesn’t really matter the topic you are interested in, there’s always a “guru” that knows it all and has a step-by-step guide for you to do the same. Try it, pick any industry and go to Google or Amazon and 90% (being modest) of the time you’ll find tons of “experts”. Now, is this bad?

We are in the Information Era, so we should be able to have access to all kinds of information, and with the Internet and technology, we can reach millions of people and resources around the globe, so yes, it’s logical that we will find pretty much anything, about anything out there. So what is the problem?

The problem arises when you look for orientation, for advises, for guidance and you don’t screen your counselor or advisor well. Be it your course instructor or the author of the guide/book you are about to read, we should always question the competencies of our “guru”. Being a best-seller or being popular is not always the best metric to evaluate that.

Let’s pick one popular industry: getting rich, making money, personal finance, etc…It’s amazing how many people are getting rich by teaching others how to get rich. See the catch? They are getting rich teaching you how to get rich, but they weren’t actually rich in the first place!

So they write some fancy advises, research some information online, put it together into a nice package and call it “How to get rid of your job in 30 days”, “How to fire your boss”, “How to make money while sleeping”, you name it. They invent stories about rich dads and poor dads, about how to buy buildings with a $30,000 salary, etc, etc, etc…

Now even though these titles look attractive, and reading them could be (sometimes) pleasant, we should always ask ourselves if the author of the book or guide (the “guru”) actually did what he or she is trying to sell teach me. Let me give you some examples:

• “How to get rid of your job in 30 days” – Did you get rid of your job in 30 days?
• “How to make money while sleeping” – Do you make money while sleeping with something besides this book, and before writing this book?
• “How to become rich investing in Real Estate without having the money” – Did you become rich with Real Estate before this book? Can you show me your portfolio? Can you prove it?

When you start screening the authors of all those fancy titles, you would probably be surprised of how many of them are actually getting rich by selling you the book and not by practicing what they preach.

I really would like to have the opportunity to tell this kind of authors that if  ”you don’t do what you tell me to do, how do you know it works?” They just don’t. It’s a nice advice, it sounds nice, it’s organized, well presented, well marketed, and puff, a best-seller. And hey, if it sounds like is right and I look like I’m right, well, many people will think I’m right!

Does this mean there aren’t good books out there from respectable and competent authors? Of course not! What it means is that in a world of such load of information, confusion and marketing, we should stay vigilant and skeptical; we should always make our own rational analysis and research, and do our best to screen the authors so we can be able to tell the false gurus from the real ones.

So just remember, if you want me to read you book about “How to learn any language in 3 months” please provide lots of backup for it.

What do you think? Do you know any false guru? Let me know on your comments.

As you may probably know, Steve Jobs is acclaimed to be one of the most successful entrepreneurs of all times. I’m actually reading his biography written by Walter Isaacson and having already read 50% of it I can tell you it’s amazing, actually I’m going to post my review about it in the next couple of weeks.

A very short background:

NeXT Logo

Steve Jobs founded Apple Computers in 1976 along with Steve Wozniak and converted it into a millionaire company. Apple products have been revolutionizing the computer industry ever since. In 1985 Steve Jobs left Apple and went to form another company, a company that he named “NeXT”.

Many of the initial meetings, ideas and discussions of NeXT were recorded by this TV Program called “Entrepreneurs”. Today, thanks to YouTube I was able to see that chapter and let me tell you this: I’m fascinated with it.

After repeating it a couple of times I was amazed with the many lessons we can extract from it on entrepreneurship, innovation, people persuasion and even business planning.

If you’re really into these topics I encourage you to watch the video (at least twice).

Let me now list the lessons (share yours on the comments) I got from the video:

• Entrepreneurship has always been the same. Visionary, insistent, leader, and crazy people that make others do whatever necessary to achive something.
• Entrepreneurship is very hard. At first, even though you have to know how to delegate and distribute resources, you end up doing most of the tasks. Building a company is not easy and the will power needed is just provided by a big passion for what you’re after. Passion is the key.
• Funding is very important. Pay attention to how many times Steve makes reference to the available funds, funds that he puts from his own money. Funding was a key back then, imagine now.
• Have a clear Goal. When I see that video, when I transport myself to those meetings and hear and see Steve talking, you can clearly tell that there is one specific goal and deadline. They are just figuring out how to reach it.
• People first reaction to something hard is “no”. Again, see how Steve Jobs is fighting with an audience of Software Engineers, Marketers and other professionals, saying “no” to many of Steve’s ideas. He had to be able to convince these people to do what he thought was the right thing to do, not the “possible” thing to do. As it later turned out, it was not only possible, but right as well.
• Be perfectionists and stick to the best. Pay attention to the process when the designer of the logo brings the designs for the first time to the team, Jobs explains how the designer was one of the best at that time, and how important was every detail. Does that mean we should hire always the best? No, it means we should pay attention to details and make the best of our own possibilities.
• Planning is very important. Deadlines, diagrams, resources, and actions are all coordinated with a white board and multiple meetings. They are planning, and studying their industry. That’s still necessary nowadays more than before.

In general, most of these lessons are in all entrepreneurship books, right? Well, maybe not. But the beauty of this video is that:

1. You are seeing it live, not reading it, you are seeing it in action.
2. It comes from what today is considered one of the top entrepreneurs of all times.
3. It is a reality show, what you see here are the real things that happened and most of the lessons are deducted by transporting yourself into the show, they are not listed, there are interpreted by you, the viewer.

Enjoy the video below, identify the multiple ideas I’ve shared with you here, and comment them or add yours.

See you later.

See video on YouTube.

For the last couple of years Google has been making new products, some of them very good, some others not so good, so what I’ve been seeing is that those products that haven’t been “so good” is because they are wanting to have as many products as possible, in as many industries as possible, putting QA aside.

Of course I understand their business model. The more products they have, the more people they’ll be able to reach with their advertisements, which is their ONLY source of income. But in the long term, their expansion is not healthy for the market nor for the consumers, nor for themselves.

Let’s list a couple of examples that I can think of:

• There were Groupon, Living social… they created Google Offers, not better, just their own version.
• There were Facebook, Twitter and a bunch of other social networks; they created Buzz, Wave and now Google+.
• There was PayPal, they created Google Checkout, now named Google Wallet.
• There was Flipboard, they created Google Currents.
• There were iOS, Nokia, Samsung… Google created Android.
• There was Yelp, they create Google Places, and even indexed Yelp’s results on their Places service.
• There were iTunes and Amazon Music, they create Google Music.

Now there is ONE common characteristic for all of the previous products. They are OK, but they are not great. They just live because of the power and network of their sponsor: Google. Period.

Of course there are some great products, products that you don’t imagine your life without, products like: Gmail, Search, Maps, and Calendar… But everything has a limit, and as a software/web company, when you start building tools like one to keep track of your Health (Google Health) instead of letting a good company specialized on that topic to build it, you end up failing, as happened with Wave, Buzz, Checkout, and some others.

What about innovation? Of course a company has to innovate to avoid dead, but one thing is innovation (Apple and Amazon are great examples) and other thing is expansion by copying existing products and making them popular using your current Search/indexing leadership.

I believe Google should create new things, reinvent itself, and produce real innovation and changes, and stop creating their own little versions of everything else with Google’s colors.

What do you think? Let me know on your comments.

“That guys is so lucky, He got two scholarship offers in one year”

“She was lucky she got that job”

For me luck doesn’t exist, and let me explain you why.

Luck is one time event that doesn’t give credit to the past, which is the whole “process” that happened before that event (considered luck).

So, instead of noticing how lucky was somebody, I prefer to study what have been the actions that person has taken (directly and indirectly) that may have influenced on the results today.

Ask yourself this: How many people you know that would like to become business owners? I bet is a high number, probably even you.

You can hear most of those people saying: “When I have my own business I will do this or that…” And you can ask them: “And when is that going to be” – “Someday”

Now there are those who wish something, and those who wish something, plan how to get it and go for it.

So, take two of your friends who want to be business owners, one of them just wants, and that’s it, the other one starts reading books, blogs, asking people, interviewing other business owners, he decided to watch less TV and spend more time figuring out how to form a business… He is working towards it.

5 years passed, and you ask the first one how it is going about the idea of becoming a business owner and the answer will probably be: “I haven’t had any good idea” or “I haven’t had the time”.

Now what do you think may happen to the other one? Well, it’s not guaranteed but the odds of being closer to become a business owner are much greater that the first example. Don’t you think?

Now let’s say this second person reached the goal and is now a business owner. You can be sure that for the first person this is going to be luck. For him, the guy who made it was lucky because the idea came to him, or because the relations of his family, or because the money he had, you name it, excuses, excuses, excuses. I hate them.

This is just an example, but you can find the same analogy on any situation, it doesn’t matter, you will always find the unlucky ones calling the ones with success lucky ones.

Everything is a process, and the fact that he was able to form his own business was the result of a set of processes before that “lucky” result.

So instead of complaining about what I don’t or couldn’t have, or about my bad luck, I prefer to quantify the price I’ll have to pay to achieve what I want, and if my ambition or passion for it is big enough, there are no excuses. Period.

In the actual times answers to these questions are typically answered by religions. But, what if you are not satisfied with those answers? What if you think that there should be more than that? Philosophy is your thing then.

Philosophy? What?! That sounds like a very difficult topic, hard to understand. Well it’s actually, and that’s why this book is so good.

“Learning to live: A user’s manual” is a book written by French philosopher called Luc Ferry, and is focused on introducing regular people to this topic.

The book explains the history of religion and how they got to the place they are today, it explains what was there before religion (Stoicism) and what it meant. It also explains what philosophy is and how it can teach us how to live.

The book also touches topics like death, existence and spirituality.

Something I liked a lot about this book is its simplicity and straightforward explanations; the author really makes an effort on this, always trying to keep clear so abstracts topics like existence of self, god and death.

If you like this type of topics and you’re interested in learning them, this book is a perfect first step.

I spent hours researching for a good introductory book to philosophy and this was the best I could found, so if you have other options feel free to share them in your comment.

I give a 4 of 5 stars to this book. Enjoy.

What do I mean?

It all started since I was very young, I started noticing that when I wanted to buy something (some physical stuff), I used to work hard, save money, and then buy it. Then, at the end, days after buying this “new thing”, always happened the same: the excitement about the “new thing” was totally gone. Why was that? I started to wonder.

The urge of having things we don’t really need is produced by the great work of the marketing industry, industry that works on all levels of our society.

A short story

I have a friend; he saved 30% of his paycheck for 3 years with one goal: Buy a Mercedes Benz (and not the most expensive one).  I asked him: “Why did you want a Mercedes?” His answer: “Dude, it represents you, besides, it’s a Mercedes!” To which I answered: “ok”.

He paid US$ 72,000 for his Mercedes, a luxury car (as you know) and hence he also pays expensive insurance, expensive maintenance, top quality expensive gas… (You continue)

And what’s the best part? 3 months later, the Mercedes was just feeling like a car that could have cost 1/3 of that price.  He got used to it, as we humans get used to everything. Do you have any idea of how many interesting things he could have done with US$ 48,000 (72,000 – 1/3)?

The story of my friend and his Mercedes happens to all of us, with anything, everyday. Happens with that watch that you want so badly, those new shoes, that big new house, those new sun glasses… And all of it, all of it just gives us a short-term pleasure. It’s simple, “things” are not goals nor source of happiness, things are tools.

People usually make “things” their goal. We think that if we buy that Porsche we’re going to laugh like the guy in the commercial, we think that we’re going to have the blonde woman in the commercial, and we also think that we’re going to be so cool and happy that people will admire us.

So I changed my strategy. I started to search for things that can give me a longer term pleasure: travel, restaurants, learn languages, learn any new thing, sky-diving… Whatever that produces experiences, emotions and good.

Don’t misunderstand me. It’s not that I don’t like an Audi; I just don’t make it my goal or my source of happiness.  If an Audi will cost me US$ 50,000 and another option will cost me US$ 20,000 and I have US$ 100,000 be sure I will buy the other option, no matter how more I like the Audi over the basic car.

Every time I have to buy something I ask to myself: “Do I really need this?”

Ask yourself, do you really need that? And if you do, do you really need the most expensive one? Will a cheaper option do the job? Who do you want to impress? What for?

Let’s start to impress people for the value that we can create, for the persons that we can become, and not for the things that we possess.

This is my philosophy, what is yours?

Please see this documentary, which explains the origins and science of consumerism and how we buy things we don’t need.

Just as the industrial revolution did, these times are characterized by another technology shift, which is changing the way we work and hence the types and quantities of jobs available.

Men are always looking a way to optimize everything. It’s a natural process of evolution and development. The recent advancements in technology are the perfect example of optimization, evolution and development, and these advancements are “making our lives easier”.

Why do I say that technology is to blame for this scarce of jobs?

Go into any bank and you will see two of 6 cashier positions occupied. Why are there 2 cashiers instead of 6 like before, and a big line? Well, most of the transactions made by the cashier are now done by the ATM. The ATM is always on, 24 hours, doesn’t get sick, and works on holidays.

You can go now to Home Depot or any big store and you can self-checkout. Now you scan all of your items, select your payment method and pay. If you have any problem within that process there is one (only one) cashier to help you out. Where there were 6-10 cashiers now there are 1-3.

Those are only two examples of multiple examples you can get from your daily basis just by paying attention and observing.

Think about this, does it sound crazy not to have a waitress when you go to a restaurant? Does it sound crazy to have the restaurant organized in a way that robots bring you your food from the kitchen, moving synchronized by a computer like trains on a railroad? Does it sound crazy to have all the menus on a screen on the table and see, live, your food being prepared?

It doesn’t sound crazy, you know why? Because technology has showed us how fast it is growing and pretty much everything you can imagine is possible today and if not I’ll be in a short term.

What about the new jobs created by these new technologies?

Well, it’s true; there are a lot of new jobs right now that didn’t exist before but, do new technologies create more jobs than the ones it makes disappear? Of course not, and if it does, what we normally have is the substitution of basic jobs for specialized jobs which mean that the person substituted by technology can’t do the job created by this substitution process.

The system that we live in works like this: In order to live you need money, and in order to get money, you need to work.

This system “has been working” for many years now, what I see is that technology advancements and development are making the system to fail and some day (not far) to break up.

What can we do?

Well, we don’t know what is going to happen, we just know what is happening now and we speculate about what we think is going to happen in the future, so besides that, what can we do?

Keep on learning, learn new stuff, and maintain yourself ahead of your industry. This is the only way to stay relevant.

If you have a job that is not specialized like a cashier or something like that, start working on yourself, your education, and increase your value to society, because as this exponential technology changes continue, the less educated we are, the more likely we are going to be substituted by technology.

I already explained my experience with the first 2 exams I took in order to become Google AdWords Individual Qualified; the tips I mentioned on taking those exams are perfectly applicable to this exam. It’s just the same format with different content.

So, what different tips can I add?

• The exam evaluates exactly the study guide they give you. Stick to it.

• There are a lot of questions related to YouTube and all the possible ways to advertise there, so pay attention to this part and practice with all YouTube’s tools.

• Be sure to understand the different video ad’s formats.

• Be sure that you understand placements targeting (automatic and managed), CPM and how it competes against CPC, when it has to.

• Understand the Quality Score on the Display Network, and dominate all the different ad’s formats available for the Display Network, specially using the Ad Builder tool.

• Practice with the Ad Planner. It’s an awesome tool, incredible useful, and it’s also tested on the exam. You have nothing to lose here.

• The exam has also the same “case studies” type of questions where you have to think, analyze and take your time. (Review my previous post where I expand on this)

As you can see, the test is 98% Display Network and YouTube advertising; the other 2% is composed of questions related to the Search Fundamentals and Search Network, with which you shouldn’t have any problems because if you are taking this test you already took (at least) the Advertising Fundamentals exam.

The exam is 110 questions, to be answered in 120 minutes.

You pass with a 70% instead of 85% like the Google Advertising Fundamentals Exam or 80% like the Search Advertising Advanced Exam. You liked this, right?

Well, that’s it, study hard, practice, and trust the study guide, because everything is there.

Good luck.